After years of debate over what to do with the city's aging airport terminal -- including halfhearted flirtations with moving or selling it -- Mayor Mitch Landrieu's administration has launched its own effort to re-imagine Louis Armstrong International by hiring teams of consultants to explore various options, from further modernizing the existing terminal to constructing an entirely new terminal...
After years of debate over what to do with the city's aging airport terminal -- including halfhearted flirtations with moving or selling it -- Mayor Mitch Landrieu's administration has launched its own effort to re-imagine Louis Armstrong International by hiring teams of consultants to explore various options, from further modernizing the existing terminal to constructing an entirely new terminal at a cost of up to $1 billion.
In short, Landrieu thinks that even with the $300 million upgrade done in advance of the Super Bowl, the airport fails to position the city for major economic growth.
The main terminal is 54 years old, nearly double the average lifespan of a typical American airport terminal. The older it gets, the more expensive it is to operate. The more expensive it becomes, the more the airport has to charge the airlines to use its gates, Aviation Director Iftikhar Ahmad said.
To lower keep the airport competitive, the Landrieu administration is mulling four options that range from refurbishing what's there to building a new terminal north of the airport's east-west runway, an idea first floated in 2006 after Hurricane Katrina delivered its hammer blow to the region. The mayor currently favors that plan.
"We cannot afford to let another 30 years go by without a clear path forward," Landrieu wrote to Aviation Board Chairman Nolan Rollins in one of his first public pitches for the overhaul.
None of the plans call for a new runway, but they are clearly aimed at bringing more
flights to an airport that has lagged since its heyday 30-odd years ago. And an
overhaul would not only increase capacity, supporters contend, but will further
gild one of the city's major engines for attracting new business.
The airport has paid five consulting firms more than $761,200 so far to sift through financial scenarios, environmental impact studies and land-use options, then draft plans to hand over to the Federal Aviation Administration for review. Parsons Brinckerhoff is managing the project; Leo A Daly/Atkins is leading design efforts; RS&H is conducting environmental impact studies; Roger Bates of Unison Maximus Consulting Solutions is doing the financial analysis and Jones Lang LaSalle is examining the plans' land-use options.
So far, details remain sketchy. Administration and airport officials said the proposals won't be finished for several weeks, and they have declined to release exact cost estimates for each plan.
Ahmad said he has done back-of-the-envelope calculations, but didn't want to divulge them for fear of upsetting "stakeholders" by publicizing the data before discussing it with them. Those stakeholders include officials from New Orleans, Kenner, and St. Charles and Jefferson parishes, as well as the FAA, the state transportation department and the airlines.
Once officials settle on a plan, the airport is expected to pay for it through federal grants and borrowing against the money it expects to make each year. While the city of New Orleans owns the airport, the facility doesn't rely on tax revenue to operate. Its revenue, which Ahmad estimates at about $107 million a year, comes from a combination of concession sales, rents, leases and other operations. The airport also charges airlines about $4.50 per passenger; a standard domestic rate that Ahmad said generates about $20 million more a year.
Additional financing for an overhaul could come from the FAA's Airport Improvement Program, as long as the final proposal meets the program's guidelines.
Currently, the airport owes more than $111.7 million in revenue bonds and another $129.2 million that was borrowed using the passenger fees as collateral. While Ahmad said the airport is on track to pay most of that debt by 2023, it's a sum that that will surely grow should any major renovation project get off the ground.
"It's sort of a complicated matrix that we're working with," Ahmad said.
Controversial history
New Orleans' airport began as one the largest airfields in the South, but it's been a rocky road since then for a field originally named after aerial daredevil John Moisant, who fatally crashed into nearby pastureland in 1910.
A government airstrip during World War II, Moisant Field opened to public traffic in 1946. Ten years later, Kenner and St. Charles Parish officials, calling the airport a "cancer" that they feared would creep into their neighborhoods, quashed the first murmurs of expansion. Instead, the airport built a new terminal entrance, completed in 1959.
Renamed New Orleans International, the airport added two new concourses in 1974. Six years later, the first master plan called for another runway. The idea sparked perpetual debate for years, but it never got off the ground.
The airport did lengthen one of its strips in the 1980s into St. Charles Parish wetlands. That setup spurred its own controversy that continues to dog the Aviation Board today.
As part of the deal for the St. Charles land, the parish gained a representative on the New Orleans-dominated board. Landrieu and the St. Charles Parish Council are now locked in a stalemate over Neal Clulee, the St. Charles businessman that the parish council has nominated twice to the board despite Landrieu's objections. As a result, that seat has remained vacant for nearly two years.
Throughout the years, different groups pitched moving the airport altogether. Gov. Edwin Edwards in the early 1990s wanted to rebuild the airport halfway between Baton Rouge and New Orleans. Other groups lobbied for an airport in eastern New Orleans, Lacombe, LaPlace or Des Allemands. But nothing ever came of those plans.
Then came the terrorist attacks of Sept. 11, 2001, which dealt a blow to the aviation industry. Just as the industry began showing signs of recovery, Hurricane Katrina devastated New Orleans.
As the city began to rebuild, then Mayor Ray Nagin contemplated relocating the airport west of the Bonnet Carre Spillway or selling it to a private company. Privatization talks ended in 2009, around the time the acting aviation director, Sean Hunter, came under suspicion of fraud. He later resigned and pleaded guilty in January 2011 to federal charges related to a bogus insurance claim.
The options
The four options before the Landrieu administration involve varying levels of construction, with the simplest being to refurbish the existing airport to today's standards.
Though the least dramatic, renovation would be no small task. It would include a complete rerouting of passengers through the terminal, Ahmad said. Rather than converging on individual ticket counters as they do today, passengers would pass through a central checkpoint that would keep concourses free from the bottlenecking that often comes when conventioneers purchase tickets from the same airlines. Ahmad also wants to connect each concourse after the security screening, allowing passengers to flow freely among the various shops and restaurants.
The plan also calls for a mechanized conveyor belt to carry checked bags to security screening machines. New Orleans is one of the few airports its size that still has employees carry the bags from the ticket counters to the screeners. Ahmad said he has schlepped luggage himself to help out during busy hours on the concourses.
"It's podunkish," he said.
Another option would modernize and expand the existing terminal to the south but continue to use the main concourse built in 1959. A third option would build four new concourses to the west, but in close proximity of the existing terminal, connecting the two by a light rail system.
The fourth option would build a new, separate terminal altogether.
All four options would eventually provide a total of 42 working gates, built in two phases. The refurbishment option includes 37 gates in the first phase, while the other three options would start with 30 gates and add more as business grows, he said.
Only 22 gates are in use today, Ahmad said.
In a 2011 letter, Landrieu made it clear he prefers building an entirely new and separate terminal to the north. Aimee Quirk, his economic development advisor, said last week that the current terminal would be repurposed for some other use, possibly for cargo or private charter jets, among other ideas being bandied about.
The overhaul would also look to better connect the airport to other modes of shipping, from Mississippi River barges to trucks to trains, Ahmad said. For years, New Orleans has lost its cut of the shipping market to the likes of Houston and Miami.
Landrieu's favored option could also allow a new exit ramp from Interstate 10's eastbound lanes to accommodate passengers coming from Baton Rouge. However, such an access road would have to be built around the federally mandated buffer zones at the ends of the airports' runways.
Seeking to allay fears from Kenner and St. Charles Parish officials, Ahmad said none of the options would go beyond the airport's 1,700-acre footprint.
The airport has always worried Kenner's elected officials. Their worst fears were borne out in 1982, when Pan Am Flight 759 crashed there, killing 154 people, including eight on the ground.
Again, in the early 1990s, the airport bought about 100 acres from Kenner to create a federally mandated buffer because of jet-engine noise. A deal is in the works to return that property back to commerce now that technological advancements have significantly quieted jet engines passing overhead.
But some of the damage may be irreparable. Mayor Mike Yenni says the buyout deal hampered Kenner's growth over the last 20 years as residents who sold their homes moved to lower-priced St. Charles and St. John the Baptist parishes.
He said he wouldn't let something like that happen again. His chief administrative officer, Mike Quigley, along with officials from St. Charles and Jefferson, have been meeting with airport officials monthly to discuss any possible changes.
"I've told Iftikhar and I've told the mayor 'buyout' is a bad word around here," Yenni said.
No runway expansion
None of the four options envisions adding a third major runway, an idea floated and abandoned several times since the 1960s. According to the airport's latest projections, the number of flights in 2048 isn't expected to reach the number of flights that landed in New Orleans in 1980, making another runway a pointless expense for the foreseeable future.
Still, the number of passengers traveling through New Orleans is on the rise, and industry analysts are adamant that a bustling airport is a critical advantage for a city looking to attract business and build wealth. The Landrieu administration estimates that the airport is responsible for more than 12,400 jobs and for bringing $2.6 billion into the city each year through tourism.
"Airports are huge economic generators in their respective cities or municipalities," said Daniel Prather, professor and an aviation industry expert at California Baptist University.
An overhaul of such a central cog in a city's economy takes foresight, he said, because it often takes a decade or more to expand or reconfigure an airport that must also keep planes flying throughout construction.
Airports in recent years have been moving away from the "hub" model -- where an airline chooses a centrally located city to send most of its flights -- that dominated the industry after deregulation in the early 1980s. Using Southwest as an example, Prather said airlines are moving toward a 'point-to-point' system that focuses on traffic from one destination to another as opposed to rerouting through a central hub.
"Those days are slowly disappearing," he said.
The cost per passenger at an airport is a major weight on an airline's decision to do business there, industry experts said. New Orleans International charges airlines roughly $8.49 a passenger,
down from $10.90 in 2010 after Ahmad increased concession sales. Still,
the average cost at domestic airports is closer to $7.
Several studies, including a 2007 rewrite of the airport's master plan, show traffic increasing at New Orleans over the next several decades, albeit not by leaps and bounds. About 4.3 million passengers climbed aboard outgoing flights in 2012. It could take 35 years for that number to double, according to airport's projections.
Nevertheless, New Orleans is the 39th busiest domestic airports in the country, up from 56th immediately after Katrina, according to the U.S. Bureau of Transportation Statistics. It accounts for 80 percent of Louisiana's air traffic.
"We may not be JFK, but we're kind of in the same ZIP code," Ahmad said.
Ultimately, any expansion plan will depend on money and political will. Consultants predict a new terminal would take just six years to build, compared to the 10 years it takes to build a new runway.
"A successful airport is one that helps its community by increasing the community's stature and the related economic activity," Ahmad said. "We should not allow the airport to be a victim of haphazard development, and this focused approach will make sure that we have a feasible strategic infrastructure plan."